Voces en los campos. Trabajadores agrícolas migrantes durante la COVID-19 en España y nuevas formas de activismo por la dignidad

Ana  López-Sala

doi:10.3989/estgeogr.2022113.113

Autores/as

Ana López-Sala Instituto de Economía, Geografía y Demografía (IEGD - CSIC) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2756-7042

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/estgeogr.2022113.113

Palabras clave:

Trabajadores migrantes agrícolas, luchas, activismos migrantes, movilización, coronavirus, España

Resumen

La crisis sanitaria ha producido la visibilización de muchos de los problemas estructurales y endémicos de los que ha adolecido el trabajo inmigrante en el sector agrícola en España durante las dos últimas dos décadas: el alto volumen de extranjeros en situación irregular, los míseros asentamientos informales y las formas de infravivienda en los que se ven obligados a “residir” y la extrema vulnerabilidad física y social de los trabajadores que sostienen el sector, incluidos los que se emplean a través de programas de contratación en origen. Estos problemas estructurales han sido, sin embargo, tradicionalmente ignorados por la administración, en una política de la indiferencia, que se ha centrado en la gestión de la movilidad frente a la gestión de la presencia. Sin embargo, durante la pandemia la aparición de una narrativa sobre su esencialidad, incorporada incluso en el discurso político, junto a la visibilización de sus condiciones laborales y de vida, se han configurado como elementos catalizadores que han generado, impulsado o consolidado una serie de demandas y de luchas articuladas en torno a lo que podemos denominar el derecho a una vida digna. Estas luchas han sido resultado de tres tipos de tensiones que se manifestaron de forma particularmente expresiva con la irrupción de la covid-19: la tensión entre esencialidad y desechabilidad, entre temporalidad y permanencia y entre una ciudadanía activa y pasiva.

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