Usabilidad de la Movilidad Aérea Urbana en la gestión de emergencia por eventos catastróficos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/estgeogr.2025.1165Palabras clave:
movilidad aérea urbana, catástrofes naturales, gestión de emergencia, asistencia a damnificados en catástrofes, respuesta a situación de desastreResumen
La Movilidad Aérea Urbana es un emergente modo de transporte, de pasajeros y mercancías, que utilizará vehículos aéreos de despegue y aterrizaje vertical (tripulados y no tripulados), para viajes a baja altitud urbanos e interurbanos. Se prevé que los servicios comerciales de transporte comiencen, inicialmente en ciudades grandes y/o medianas, para finales de la presente década (o incluso antes). Por otro lado, y simultáneamente, la Movilidad Aérea Urbana también podrá dar soporte a otro tipo de servicios, como operaciones de búsqueda y rescate, servicios de emergencia, servicios médicos y/o sanitarios, servicios de inspección y monitoreo, servicios de vigilancia, etc. La rica literatura que la academia viene generando en los últimos años cubre varias dimensiones de esta temática, salvo la de la potencial función de esta tecnología emergente como soporte en la gestión de emergencias. Por lo que la presente investigación, con planteamiento y estructura de ‘nota’, tiene el objetivo de cubrir ese vacío existente, a través de la evaluación básica, y a nivel cualitativo, del uso potencial de la Movilidad Aérea Urbana en la gestión de emergencias en situaciones de catástrofe natural e inducidas por el hombre.
Descargas
Citas
AIRBUS (2017). Rethinking urban air mobility. Toulouse: AIRBUS. https://goo.su/qUWSE
Almeida, M., Hildmann, H. y Solmaz, G. (2017). Distributed UAV-swarm-based real-time geomatic data collection under dynamically changing resolution requirements. The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W6-5-2017
Anand, A., Kaur, H., Justin, C., Zaidi, T. y Mavris, D. (2021). A scenario-based evaluation of global urban air mobility demand. AIAA Scitech Forum. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1516
Ashish, M., Muraleedharan, S., Bhavani, R. y Akshay, N. (2020). Autonomous Payload Delivery using Hybrid VTOL UAVs for Community Emergency Response. IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1109/CONECCT50063.2020.9198490
Bakirci, M. y Ozer, M. (2023). Surveillance, Reconnaissance and Detection Services for Disaster Operations of IoTBased eVTOL UAVs with Swarm Intelligence. 11th International Symposium on Digital Forensics and Security. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISDFS58141.2023.10131702
BOEING (2018). Flight path for the future of mobility. Washington DC: BOEING. https://goo.su/FXYqA
Brelje, B. y Martins, J. (2019). Electric, hybrid, and turboelectric fixed-wing aircraft: A review of concepts, models, and design approaches. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 104, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2018.06.004
Calantropio, A. (2019). The Use of UAVs for Performing Safety-Related Tasks at Post-Disaster and Non-Critical Construction Sites. Safety, 5(4), 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety5040064
Cao, X., Yang, P., Alzenad, M., Xi, X., Wu, D. y Yanikomeroglu, H. (2018). Airborne communication networks: A survey. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 36(9), 1907-1926. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2018.2864423
CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services) (2023a). Tornadoes. https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/tornadoes/after.html
CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services) (2023b). Floods. https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/floods/index.html
CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services) (2023c). Wildfires. https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/wildfires/index.html
Cohen, A. y Shaheen, S. (2021). Urban Air Mobility: Opportunities and Obstacles. Working Paper, Transportation Sustainability Research Center, University of California (Berkeley). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102671-7.10764-X
Cohen, A., Shaheen, S. y Farrar, E. (2021). Urban Air Mobility: History, Ecosystem, Market Potential, and Challenges. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 22(9), 6074-6087. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2021.3082767
Doo, J. (2022). Unsettled Issues Regarding the Use of eVTOL Aircraft during Natural Disasters. Technical Paper. SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2022001
EASA (2022). Vertiports. Cologne: European Union Aviation Safety Agency.
Estrada, M. y Ndoma, A. (2019). The uses of unmanned aerial vehicles-UAV's-(or drones) in social logistic: Natural disasters response and humanitarian relief aid. Procedia Computer Science, 149, 375-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.01.151
FAA (2023). Urban Air Mobility (UAM). Concept of Operations. Washington DC: Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.
FAA (2022). Memorandum. Vertiport Design. Washington DC: Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.
Fotouhi, A., Qiang, H., Ding, M., Hassan, M., Giordano, L., Garcia-Rodriguez, A. y Yuan, J. (2019). Survey on UAV cellular communications: Practical aspects, standardization advancements, regulation, and security challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 21(4), 3417-3442. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2019.2906228
Fu, M., Rothfeld, R. y Antoniou, C. (2019). Exploring preferences for transportation modes in an Urban Air Mobility environment: Munich case study. Transportation Research Record. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198119843858
Goyal, R., Reiche, C., Fernando, C. y Cohen, A. (2021). Advanced Air Mobility: Demand Analysis and Market Potential of the Airport Shuttle and Air Taxi Markets. Sustainability, 13(13), 7421. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137421
Gouveia, M., Dias, V. y Silva, J. (2022). Management of urban air mobility for sustainable and smart cities: Vertiport networks using a user-centred design. Journal of Airline and Airport Management, 12(1), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.3926/jairm.207
Haakonsen, S., Ronnquist, A. y Labonnote, N. (2023). Fifty years of shape grammars: A systematic mapping of its application in engineering and architecture. International Journal of Architectural Computing, 21(1), 5-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221089882
Hildmann H. y Kovacs E. (2019). Review: Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as Mobile Sensing Platforms (MSPs) for Disaster Response, Civil Security and Public Safety. Drones, 3(3), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones3030059
IFRC - International Federation of Red Cross (2023). Types of disasters. https://goo.su/95s7cN
Katayama, K., Takahashi, H., Yokota, N., Sugiyasu, K., Kitagata, G. y Kinoshita, T. (2019). An Effective Multi-UAVs-Based Evacuation Guidance Support for Disaster Risk Reduction. IEEE International Conference on Big Data and Smart Computing. https://doi.org/10.1109/BIGCOMP.2019.8679474
Khan, A., Gupta, S. y Gupta, K. (2022). Emerging UAV technology for disaster detection, mitigation, response, and preparedness. Journal of Field Robotics, 39(6), 905-955. https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.22075
Koumoutsidi, A., Pagoni, I. y Polydoropoulou, A. (2022). A New Mobility Era: Stakeholders' Insights regarding Urban Air Mobility. Sustainability, 14, 3128. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14053128
Kucharczyk, M. y Hugenholtz, C. (2021). Remote sensing of natural hazard-related disasters with small drones: Global trends, biases, and research opportunities. Remote Sensing of Environment, 264, 112577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112577
Lygouras, E., Santavas, N., Taitzoglou, A., Tarchanidis, K., Mitropoulos, A. y Gasteratos, A. (2019). Unsupervised human detection with an embedded vision system on a fully autonomous UAV for search and rescue operations. Sensors, 19(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163542 PMid:31416131 PMCid:PMC6720834
Mishra, D. y Natalizio, E. (2020). A survey on cellular-connected UAVs: Design challenges, enabling 5G/B5G innovations, and experimental advancements. Computer Networks, 182(9), 107451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107451
Mozaffari, M., Saad, W., Bennis, M., Nam, Y. y Debbah, M. (2019). A tutorial on UAVs for wireless networks: Applications, challenges, and open problems. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 21(3), 2334-2360. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2019.2902862
NASA (2018). Urban Air Mobility Market Study. Washington DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190000519
Nikhil, N., Shreyas, S., Vyshnavi, G. y Yadav, S. (2020). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in Disaster Management Applications. Third International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSIT48917.2020.9214241
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (U.S. Department of Labor) (2023a). Hurricane eMatrix. https://www.osha.gov/etools/hurricane/recommendations
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (U.S. Department of Labor) (2023b). Tornado Preparedness and Response. https://www.osha.gov/tornado
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (U.S. Department of Labor) (2023c). Flood Preparedness and Response. https://www.osha.gov/flood/response
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (U.S. Department of Labor) (2023d). Wildfires. https://www.osha.gov/wildfires/response
Polaczyk, N., Trombino, E., Wei, P. y Mitici, M. (2019). A review of current technology and research in urban ondemand air mobility applications. 8th Biennial Autonomous VTOL Technical Meeting and 6th Annual Electric VTOL Symposium, Jan. 28-Feb. 1, 2019, Mesa (USA).
Pons-Prats, J., Zivojinovic, T. y Kuljanin, J. (2022). On the understanding of the current status of urban air mobility development and its future prospects: Commuting in a flying vehicle as a new paradigm. Transportation Research Part E, 166, 102868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2022.102868
Preis, L. (2021). Quick Sizing, Throughput Estimating and Layout Planning for VTOL Aerodromes - A Methodology for Vertiport Design. AIAA Aviation Forum, August 2-6, 2021. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2372
Reiche, C., Goyal, R., Cohen, A., Serrao, J., Kimmel, S., Fernando, C. y Shaheen, S. (2018). Executive Briefing: Urban Air Mobility Market Study. Washington D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20190000519.pdf
Reiss, M., Mendes, T., Pereira, F., de Andrade, M., Mendes, R., Simoes, S., de Lara, R. y de Souza, S. (2022). Evaluation of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for measuring and monitoring natural disaster risk areas. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B2-2022, 1077-1083. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2022-1077-2022
Sabioni, V., Balchanos, M. y Mavris, D. (2021). Modeling Integrated Airlift and Aerial Reconnaissance Operations in a Disaster Relief Scenario to Support Long-term Aircraft Acquisition Decisions. AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0435
Salama, M., Bahsoon, R. y Bencomo, N. (2017). Managing Trade-offs in Self-Adaptive Software Architectures: A Systematic Mapping Study. En: Mistrik et al. (Eds.), Managing Trade-offs in Adaptable Software Architectures (249-297). Amsterdam: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802855-1.00011-3
Shukla, A., Choudhary, R. y Prabhuram, M. (2021). Swarm Optimization of Multiple UAVs for Resource Allocation in Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief Operations. Proceedings of International Conference on Communication, Circuits, and Systems. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4866-0_30
Straubinger, A., Michelmann, J. y Biehle, T. (2021). Business model options for passenger urban air mobility. CEAS Aeronautical Journal, 12, 361-380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-021-00514-w PMid:33868510 PMCid:PMC8034508
Straubinger, A., Rothfeld, R., Shamiyeh, M., Büchter, K., Kaiser, J. y Plötner, K. (2020). An overview of current research and developments in urban air mobility-setting the scene for UAM introduction. Journal of Air Transport Management, 87, 101852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101852
Taipalus, T. (2023). Systematic Mapping Study in Information Systems Research. Journal of the Midwest Association for Information Systems, 1, 2.
Tariq, R., Rahim, M., Aslam, N., Bawany, N. y Faseeha, U. (2018). DronAID: A smart human detection drone for rescue. 15th International Conference on Smart Cities: Improving Quality of Life Using ICT IoT. https://doi.org/10.1109/HONET.2018.8551326 PMid:29655960
Tojal, M., Hesselink, H., Fransoy, A., Ventas, E., Gordo, V. y Xu, Y. (2021). Analysis of the definition of Urban Air Mobility - how its attributes impact on the development of the concept. Transportation Research Procedia, 59, 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.11.091
Viswan, V. y Madhav, M. L. (2013). Mission-critical management using media independent handover. International Journal of Computer Applications in Engineering Sciences, 3(1), 32-36. https://goo.su/ez70T
Xiong, C., Li, Q. y Lu, X. (2020). Automated regional seismic damage assessment of buildings using an unmanned aerial vehicle and a convolutional neural network. Automation in Construction, 109, 102994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.102994
Yakushiji K., Fujita H., Murata M., Hiroi N., Hamabe Y. y Yakushiji, F. (2020). Short-Range Transportation Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) during Disasters in Japan. Drones, 4(4), 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones4040068
Zhao, N., Lu, W., Sheng, M., Chen, Y., Tang, J., Yu, F. y Wong, K. (2019). UAV-Assisted Emergency Networks in Disasters. IEEE Wireless Communications, 26 (1), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.2018.1800160
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
© CSIC. Los originales publicados en las ediciones impresa y electrónica de esta Revista son propiedad del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, siendo necesario citar la procedencia en cualquier reproducción parcial o total.
Salvo indicación contraria, todos los contenidos de la edición electrónica se distribuyen bajo una licencia de uso y distribución “Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional ” (CC BY 4.0). Consulte la versión informativa y el texto legal de la licencia. Esta circunstancia ha de hacerse constar expresamente de esta forma cuando sea necesario.
No se autoriza el depósito en repositorios, páginas web personales o similares de cualquier otra versión distinta a la publicada por el editor.
