Toma de decisión e implantación en la política agroambiental española

Abstract

EU agri-environmental legislation specifies that every Member State may determine its own norms, specifying standards and designated areas. One result of this flexibility for Member States is that there is substantial scope for basic principéis to be adapted and completed in every country. This give rise to very different interests being expresed by different social actors and to very varied methods of implementation for agrienvironmental measures. The development of environmental policy in Spain has been balanced, on one hand to joining the EU and, on the other hand to the interests of political autority to Spain's regions. Prior to EU agrienvironmental regulations, the Spanish experience of introducing environmental considerations into farm production was practically non-existent. Thus, of the new CAP accompanying measures, the agrienvironmental ones have been the last to be introduced into Spanish agriculture. At the national level the Spanish agrienvironmental programme only uses two of the seven types mentioned by EU regulation. The other five measures of the regulation 2078/92 are incorporated in regional progranunes for aid applied to specific geographical areas in accordantce with special environmental sensitivities. In therms of the horizontal or vertical emphasis, Spain is in a mid-way situation in the way it has implemented agri-environmental measures. The national basis were put in effect in 1995. But the regional measures had developed in inequality terms. Only 6 of 66 programmes has developed and implemented at the end of 1998. At the local level the effectivity of regional measures are réduit for scheme factors (the lack of policy coordination, the competition from other CAP financial measures) and the actitudinal factors (scepticism of farmers and reluctance from the agricultural autorities).