Reflexiones teórico-conceptuales sobre el binario Agencia-Estructura desde la Geografía Ambiental

Édgar  Espinoza-Cisneros; Lisbeth  Álvarez-Vargas

doi:10.3989/estgeogr.202068.068

Autores/as

Édgar Espinoza-Cisneros Escuela de Geografía, Universidad de Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1018-3440
Lisbeth Álvarez-Vargas Escuela de Geografía, Universidad de Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2398-8229

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/estgeogr.202068.068

Palabras clave:

teoría social, ecología política, geografías del agua, geografías del riesgo, interacciones sociedad-naturaleza, geografía humana

Resumen

El debate sobre la primacía que tienen la agencia y estructura en determinar las acciones humanas y la conformación de las sociedades ha prevalecido durante siglos en las ciencias sociales en general y en la geografía en particular. La rama de la geografía ambiental tiene también una historia destacable – aunque más reciente – de reflexiones en torno al rol que juegan las fuerzas sociales a escalas amplias, o la capacidad de autodeterminación del individuo, en condicionar las relaciones sociedad-naturaleza. Si bien durante muchos años se manejaron ambas posturas de manera aislada en esferas académicas, recientemente han surgido perspectivas integradoras de agencia y estructura que prometen robustecer las bases teórico- conceptuales que, a su vez, permitan un mejor entendimiento de las dinámicas socioambientales. En este artículo, primero repasamos algunas de estas perspectivas de agencia y estructura de manera aislada, desde la óptica de la geografía ambiental, particularmente las geografías del agua y del riesgo. Luego, introducimos algunos aportes empíricos y teórico-conceptuales que orientan hacia una mayor articulación de estas dos posturas. El propósito de este repaso es avanzar discusiones sobre cómo mejorar conceptualizaciones y teorizaciones sobre las complejas relaciones entre sociedad y naturaleza, en un contexto de apremiantes retos socioecológicos que enfrentamos como sociedad global.

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